शब्दकोशः
Vocabulary
Words by theme. Tap any word to see its full grammar and every form.
329 words
अभिवादनम्
Greetings
namastehello (lit. "salutation to you")
Phrase!Hello, teacher!
namaḥsalutation, homage
Indeclinable।Salutation to the teacher.
svāgatamwelcome
NounNeuter।You are welcome here.
dhanyavādaḥthank you, thanks
NounMasculine।Thank you.
suprabhātamgood morning
NounNeuter, !Good morning, mother!
śubharātriḥgood night
NounFeminine, !Good night, father!
kṣamyatāmsorry, please excuse me
Phrase, ।Sorry, please say that again.
punaḥ milāmaḥsee you again
Phrase, ।Good night, see you again.
punaḥagain
Indeclinable, ।Sorry, please say that again.
heO! (calling someone)
Indeclinable!O Rāma!
kṛpayāplease
Indeclinable।Please give me water.
kuśalamwell-being
NounNeuter।All is well here.
अव्ययानि
Connectors & particles
āmyes
Indeclinable, ।Yes, I know.
nano, not
Indeclinable।I do not know.
caand
Indeclinable।Mother and father go to the garden.
apialso, even
Indeclinable।I also read.
evaonly, indeed
Indeclinable।Truth alone wins.
sahawith
Indeclinable।The son goes with his father.
vināwithout
Indeclinable।Without a book the student does not read.
itithus (quotation marker)
Indeclinable" " ।"I read," he says.
vāor; (question marker)
Indeclinable?Do you know Sanskrit?
yadiif
Indeclinable
tarhithen
Indeclinable
cetif
Indeclinable
itastataḥhere and there
Indeclinable।The crow wandered here and there for water.
sarvatraeverywhere
Indeclinable
kadācitsometime, once
Indeclinable।I too will help you some day.
tataḥthen, from that
Indeclinable।From that, happiness.
परिवारः
Family
mātāmother
NounFeminine।Mother cooks rice.
pitāfather
NounMasculine।Father reads a book.
bhrātābrother
NounMasculine।My brother plays.
bhaginīsister
NounFeminine।Sister sings a song.
putraḥson
NounMasculine।The son serves his father.
putrīdaughter
NounFeminine।The daughter looks at a picture.
pitāmahaḥgrandfather (father’s father)
NounMasculine।Grandfather tells a story.
pitāmahīgrandmother (father’s mother)
NounFeminine।Grandmother reads the Rāmāyaṇa.
mitramfriend
NounNeuter।My friend comes home.
parivāraḥfamily
NounMasculine।My family is small.
जनाः
People
bālakaḥboy
NounMasculine।The boy reads.
bālikāgirl
NounFeminine।The girl writes.
guruḥteacher, guru
NounMasculine।The teacher speaks the truth.
chātraḥstudent (male)
NounMasculine।The student reads the lesson.
chātrāstudent (female)
NounFeminine।The student asks a question.
śiśuḥbaby, infant
NounMasculine।The baby laughs.
janaḥperson, people
NounMasculine।People walk on the road.
śikṣakaḥteacher
NounMasculine।The teacher enters the classroom.
rājāking
NounMasculine।The king commands the servant.
sevakaḥservant, helper
NounMasculine।The servant brings water.
vyādhaḥhunter
NounMasculine।The hunter wanders in the forest.
sainikaḥsoldier
NounMasculine।Soldiers protect the country.
cikitsakaḥdoctor
NounMasculine।The doctor works in the hospital.
cikitsikādoctor (female)
NounFeminine।My mother is a doctor.
vīraḥhero, brave one
NounMasculine।The hero wins the battle.
cauraḥthief
NounMasculine।The thief steals the money.
yātrikaḥtraveller
NounMasculine।The traveller sets out in the morning.
grāhakaḥcustomer
NounMasculine।The customer goes to the shop.
āpaṇikaḥshopkeeper
NounMasculine।The shopkeeper tells the price.
पशवः
Animals
gajaḥelephant
NounMasculine।The elephant walks in the forest.
aśvaḥhorse
NounMasculine।The horse runs.
siṃhaḥlion
NounMasculine।The lion lives in a cave.
vānaraḥmonkey
NounMasculine।The monkey eats a fruit.
mārjāraḥcat
NounMasculine।The cat drinks milk.
kukkuraḥdog
NounMasculine।The dog guards the house.
dhenuḥcow
NounFeminine।The cow eats grass.
mṛgaḥdeer
NounMasculine।The deer runs in the forest.
matsyaḥfish
NounMasculine।The fish lives in water.
sarpaḥsnake
NounMasculine।The snake moves on the ground.
śaśakaḥrabbit, hare
NounMasculine।The rabbit runs quickly.
uṣṭraḥcamel
NounMasculine।The camel drinks water.
mūṣakaḥmouse
NounMasculine।The mouse runs.
vyāghraḥtiger
NounMasculine।The tiger lives in the forest.
kūrmaḥtortoise
NounMasculine।The tortoise walks slowly.
bhramaraḥbee
NounMasculine।The bee wanders in the garden.
vanarājaḥking of the forest (the lion)
NounMasculine! ।O king of the forest! Let me go.
खगाः
Birds
kākaḥcrow
NounMasculine।The crow sits in the tree.
śukaḥparrot
NounMasculine।The parrot eats a fruit.
mayūraḥpeacock
NounMasculine।The peacock dances.
haṃsaḥswan
NounMasculine।The swan lives in the pond.
kapotaḥpigeon, dove
NounMasculine।The pigeon eats grain.
khagaḥbird
NounMasculine।Birds sing in the tree.
kokilaḥcuckoo
NounMasculine।The cuckoo sings sweetly.
फलानि
Fruits
phalamfruit
NounNeuter।The monkey eats a fruit.
āmrammango (fruit)
NounNeuter।The mango is sweet.
kadalīphalambanana
NounNeuter।The baby eats a banana.
dāḍimampomegranate
NounNeuter।The pomegranate is red.
nāraṅgamorange
NounNeuter।I eat an orange.
drākṣāgrapes, vine
NounFeminine।The grapes are sweet.
nārikelamcoconut
NounNeuter।Coconut water is sweet.
panasamjackfruit
NounNeuter।The jackfruit is on the tree.
शाकानि
Vegetables
śākamvegetable, greens
NounNeuter।Mother cooks vegetables.
ālukampotato
NounNeuterModern usage।Mother cooks potatoes.
palāṇḍuḥonion
NounMasculine।The onion grows in the ground.
mūlakamradish
NounNeuter।The radish is white.
vṛntākamaubergine, brinjal
NounNeuter।Mother cooks the aubergine.
kūṣmāṇḍaḥpumpkin
NounMasculine।The pumpkin is yellow.
शरीराङ्गानि
Body parts
śiraḥhead
NounNeuter।He bows his head.
netrameye
NounNeuter।We see with our eyes.
karṇaḥear
NounMasculine।We hear with our ears.
nāsikānose
NounFeminine।The nose is above the mouth.
mukhammouth, face
NounNeuter।The baby’s face is lovely.
hastaḥhand
NounMasculine।I write with my hand.
pādaḥfoot
NounMasculine।We walk with our feet.
dantaḥtooth
NounMasculine।The mouse cuts the net with its teeth.
keśaḥhair
NounMasculine।The girl’s hair is long.
udaramstomach, belly
NounNeuter।My stomach is full.
jihvātongue
NounFeminine।The tongue is in the mouth.
śarīrambody
NounNeuter।The mouse ran over the lion’s body.
aṅgamlimb, part of the body
NounNeuter
वर्णाः
Colours
- raktaḥ
red
Adjective।The flower is red.
- nīlaḥ
blue, dark blue
Adjective।The sky is blue.
- pītaḥ
yellow
Adjective।The banana is yellow.
- haritaḥ
green
Adjective।The leaf is green.
- śvetaḥ
white
Adjective।The swan is white.
- kṛṣṇaḥ
black, dark
Adjective।The crow is black.
विशेषणानि
Describing words
madhuraḥsweet
Adjective।The mango is sweet.
sundaraḥbeautiful
Adjective।The garden is beautiful.
dīrghaḥlong
Adjective।The road is long.
pūrṇaḥfull, complete
Adjective।The pot is full of water.
prasannaḥhappy, pleased
Adjective।Everyone is happy.
tṛṣitaḥthirsty
Adjective।The crow was thirsty.
alpaḥlittle, scanty
Adjective।There was little water in the pot.
laghuḥsmall, light
Adjective।My family is small.
unnataḥhigh, tall
Adjective।The mountain is high.
śītalaḥcool, cold
Adjective।The wind is cool.
uṣṇaḥhot, warm
Adjective।Fire is hot.
kruddhaḥangry
Adjective।The lion became angry.
priyaḥdear, beloved
Adjective।My family is dear to me.
śīghramquickly
Indeclinable।The rabbit runs quickly.
śanaiḥslowly
Indeclinable।The tortoise walks slowly.
bahumuch, very much
Indeclinable।I like laddus very much.
madhuramsweetly
Indeclinable।The cuckoo sings sweetly.
सङ्ख्याः
Numbers
- ekam
one
Number - dve
two
Number - trīṇi
three
Number - catvāri
four
Number - pañca
five
Number - ṣaṭ
six
Number - sapta
seven
Number - aṣṭa
eight
Number - nava
nine
Number - daśa
ten
Number
दिशः
Directions & places
upariabove, on top of
Indeclinable।The nose is above the mouth.
adhaḥbelow, under
Indeclinable।The boy stands under the tree.
vāmataḥon the left
Indeclinable।The school is on the left.
dakṣiṇataḥon the right
Indeclinable।The temple is on the right.
atrahere
Indeclinable।Stay here.
tatrathere
Indeclinable।The mouse came there.
pūrvāeast
Adjective।The sun rises in the east.
paścimāwest
Adjective
uttarānorth
Adjective
dakṣiṇāsouth
Adjective
pārśvamside
NounNeuter।The tree stands beside the road.
गृहवस्तूनि
Household items
pustakambook
NounNeuter।Rāma reads a book.
lekhanīpen
NounFeminine।We write with a pen.
āsanamseat
NounNeuter।The students sit on the seat.
phalakamboard, plank
NounNeuter।The teacher writes on the board.
dvāramdoor
NounNeuter।The boy stands at the door.
gavākṣaḥwindow
NounMasculine।I see the sun from the window.
dīpaḥlamp
NounMasculine।The lamp shines.
ghaṭaḥpot, pitcher
NounMasculine।There is water in the pot.
pātramvessel, container
NounNeuter।There is milk in the vessel.
vastramcloth, garment
NounNeuter।The cloth is white.
caṣakaḥcup, glass
NounMasculine।There is water in the glass.
śayyābed
NounFeminine।The baby sleeps on the bed.
kuñcikākey
NounFeminine?Where is the key?
kandukaḥball
NounMasculine।The boy throws the ball.
citrampicture
NounNeuter।The daughter looks at a picture.
jālamnet
NounNeuter।The mouse cuts the net.
bāṇaḥarrow
NounMasculine
rathaḥchariot
NounMasculine
प्रकृतिः
Nature
sūryaḥsun
NounMasculine।The sun shines.
candraḥmoon
NounMasculine।I see the moon.
tārāstar
NounFeminine।There are stars in the sky.
ākāśaḥsky
NounMasculine।The sky is blue.
vṛkṣaḥtree
NounMasculine।There are trees in the garden.
puṣpamflower
NounNeuter।The girls look at the flowers.
nadīriver
NounFeminine।The river flows.
parvataḥmountain
NounMasculine।The mountain is high.
samudraḥsea, ocean
NounMasculine।The boat moves on the sea.
meghaḥcloud
NounMasculine।There are clouds in the sky.
vāyuḥwind, air
NounMasculine।The wind is cool.
jalamwater
NounNeuter।We drink water.
agniḥfire
NounMasculine।Fire is hot.
bhūmiḥearth, ground
NounFeminine।The snake moves on the ground.
vanamforest
NounNeuter।The elephant walks in the forest.
patramleaf; letter
NounNeuter।A leaf falls from the tree.
varṣārain
NounFeminine।It rains.
taḍāgaḥpond, lake
NounMasculine।The swan lives in the pond.
tṛṇamgrass
NounNeuter।The cow eats grass.
guhācave
NounFeminine।The lion lives in a cave.
śākhābranch
NounFeminine।The branches of the tree bend.
pāṣāṇakhaṇḍaḥpebble
NounMasculine।The crow dropped pebbles into the pot.
naukāboat
NounFeminine।The boat moves on the water.
kamalamlotus
NounNeuter।There are lotuses in the pond.
taruḥtree
NounMasculine
भोजनम्
Food
annamfood, grain
NounNeuter।The pigeon eats grain.
dugdhammilk
NounNeuter।The boy drinks milk.
odanaḥcooked rice
NounMasculine।Mother cooks rice.
roṭikāflatbread (roti)
NounFeminineModern usage।We eat roti.
lavaṇamsalt
NounNeuter।There is salt in the food.
śarkarāsugar
NounFeminine।There is sugar in the milk.
ghṛtamghee, clarified butter
NounNeuter।Mother cooks with ghee.
modakaḥsweet ball (laddu)
NounMasculine।I like laddus.
bhojanammeal, food
NounNeuter।In the evening we eat a meal.
स्थानानि
Places
gṛhamhouse, home
NounNeuter।He goes home.
grāmaḥvillage
NounMasculine।We go to the village.
nagaramcity
NounNeuter।We live in the city.
vidyālayaḥschool
NounMasculine।The boy goes to school.
udyānamgarden, park
NounNeuter।The boys play in the garden.
mandiramtemple
NounNeuter।The temple is on the right.
āpaṇaḥshop, market
NounMasculine।She goes to the shop.
mārgaḥroad, path
NounMasculine।People walk on the road.
kakṣāclassroom, class
NounFeminine।The students stand in the classroom.
cikitsālayaḥhospital
NounMasculine।The doctor goes to the hospital.
deśaḥcountry
NounMasculine।Soldiers protect the country.
कालः
Time & days
dinamday
NounNeuter।One day the lion fell into a net.
rātriḥnight
NounFeminine।The moon shines at night.
prātaḥin the morning
Indeclinable।He gets up in the morning.
sāyamin the evening
Indeclinable।In the evening father returns home.
adyatoday
Indeclinable।Today is Monday.
śvaḥtomorrow
Indeclinable।Tomorrow we will play.
hyaḥyesterday
Indeclinable।Yesterday I went to the village.
idānīmnow
Indeclinable।Now we study.
sadāalways
Indeclinable।Always speak the truth.
ekadāonce (upon a time)
Indeclinable।Once the lion was asleep under a tree.
somavāsaraḥMonday
NounMasculine।Today is Monday.
maṅgalavāsaraḥTuesday
NounMasculine
budhavāsaraḥWednesday
NounMasculine
guruvāsaraḥThursday
NounMasculine
śukravāsaraḥFriday
NounMasculine
śanivāsaraḥSaturday
NounMasculine
ravivāsaraḥSunday
NounMasculine
māsaḥmonth
NounMasculine
varṣamyear
NounNeuter
kālaḥtime
NounMasculine
सर्वनामानि
Pronouns
ahamI
Pronoun।I read.
tvamyou (one person)
Pronoun।You read.
saḥhe
PronounMasculine।He reads.
sāshe
PronounFeminine।She writes.
tatit, that
PronounNeuter।That is a fruit.
eṣaḥthis (masc.)
PronounMasculine।This is a boy.
eṣāthis (fem.)
PronounFeminine।This is a girl.
etatthis (neut.)
PronounNeuter।This is a book.
bhavānyou (polite, masc.)
PronounMasculine?Where do you come from?
bhavatīyou (polite, fem.)
PronounFeminine?How are you?
sarveall, everyone
PronounMasculine।Everyone is happy.
kaḥwho (masc.)
PronounMasculine?Who is he?
kāwho (fem.)
PronounFeminine?Who is she?
kimwhat
PronounNeuter?What do you see?
प्रश्नवाचकाः
Question words
kutrawhere
Indeclinable?Where are you going?
kadāwhen
Indeclinable?When will you go?
kathamhow
Indeclinable?How are you?
kimarthamwhy
Indeclinable?Why do you laugh?
kutaḥfrom where
Indeclinable?Where do you come from?
भावाः
Ideas & things
vidyāknowledge, learning
NounFeminine।Knowledge gives humility.
vinayaḥhumility, discipline
NounMasculine।From humility comes worthiness.
pātratāworthiness, fitness
NounFeminine
pātratvamworthiness
NounNeuter
dharmaḥdharma, right conduct
NounMasculine।From wealth, dharma; then happiness.
pāṭhaḥlesson
NounMasculine।The students read the lesson.
saṃskṛtamSanskrit (the language)
NounNeuter।I study Sanskrit.
kathāstory
NounFeminine।Grandfather tells a story.
gītamsong
NounNeuter।The girl sings a song.
praśnaḥquestion
NounMasculine।The student asks a question.
uttaramanswer
NounNeuter।The teacher gives the answer.
satyamtruth
NounNeuter।Speak the truth.
kāryamwork, task
NounNeuter।He does the work.
jñānamknowledge
NounNeuter।He attains knowledge.
dhanamwealth, money
NounNeuter।The thief steals the money.
sukhamhappiness
NounNeuter।He experiences happiness.
snehaḥaffection, love
NounMasculine।The mother has affection for her son.
upāyaḥmeans, plan
NounMasculine।With a plan, everything succeeds.
pariśramaḥeffort, hard work
NounMasculine।Work succeeds through effort.
puraskāraḥprize, reward
NounMasculine।The student receives a prize.
yuddhambattle, war
NounNeuter।The hero wins the battle.
doṣaḥfault, error
NounMasculine।He avoids faults.
śatruḥenemy
NounMasculine।The soldier strikes the enemy.
vegaḥspeed
NounMasculine।The horse runs fast.
mūlyamprice
NounNeuter?What is the price of a mango?
rūpyakamrupee
NounNeuter।The price is ten rupees.
sāhāyyamhelp
NounNeuter।I will help you.
upakāraḥhelp, favour
NounMasculine।Even a small person can help.
vilambaḥdelay
NounMasculine।He comes late.
devaḥgod, deity
NounMasculine।We bow to the deity.
nāmaname
NounNeuter।My name is Sītā.
नामानि
Names
rāmaḥRāma (a name)
NounMasculine।Rāma reads a book.
sītāSītā (a name)
NounFeminine।I am Sītā.
gopālaḥGopāla (a name)
NounMasculine।His name is Gopāla.
arjunaḥArjuna (a name)
NounMasculine।My name is Arjuna.
mīrāMīrā (a name)
NounFeminine।My name is Mīrā.
devadattaḥDevadatta (a name)
NounMasculine।Devadatta cooks rice for himself.
rāvaṇaḥRāvaṇa
NounMasculine।Rāma defeats Rāvaṇa.
śivaḥŚiva
NounMasculine।Śiva withdraws the world.
himālayaḥthe Himālaya
NounMasculine।The Gaṅgā arises from the Himālaya.
gaṅgāthe Gaṅgā river
NounFeminine
rāmāyaṇamthe Rāmāyaṇa
NounNeuter
dillīnagaramthe city of Delhi
NounNeuterModern usage।I come from Delhi.
क्रियाः
Common actions
paṭhatireads
Verb।The boy reads.
likhatiwrites
Verb।The girl writes.
gacchatigoes
Verb।He goes to school.
bhavatiis, becomes
Verb।It rains.
astiis, exists
Verb।This is my house.
hasatilaughs
Verb।The baby laughs.
khādatieats
Verb।The monkey eats a fruit.
pacaticooks
Verb।Mother cooks rice.
vadatispeaks, says
Verb।The teacher speaks the truth.
namatibows
Verb।The disciple bows to the teacher.
krīḍatiplays
Verb।The boys play in the garden.
karotidoes, makes
Verb।He does the work.
paśyatisees
Verb।I see the moon.
pibatidrinks
Verb।The boy drinks milk.
tiṣṭhatistands, stays
Verb।The students stand in the classroom.
dhāvatiruns
Verb।The horse runs.
patatifalls
Verb।A leaf falls from the tree.
vasatilives, dwells
Verb।We live in the city.
calatimoves, walks
Verb।People walk on the road.
āgacchaticomes
Verb।A friend comes home.
dadātigives
Verb।Mother gives a fruit to her son.
jānātiknows
Verb।I know Sanskrit.
śṛṇotihears, listens
Verb।We listen to a story.
smaratiremembers
Verb।I remember my mother.
nṛtyatidances
Verb।The peacock dances.
gāyatisings
Verb।The girl sings a song.
upaviśatisits down
Verb।The students sit on the seat.
uttiṣṭhatigets up, rises
Verb।He gets up in the morning.
labhategets, obtains
Verb।The student receives a prize.
sevateserves
Verb।The son serves his father.
icchatiwants, wishes
Verb।I want to drink water.
pṛcchatiasks
Verb।The student asks a question.